IP-PBX (PBX04,PBX08)
-What is the user/password of my IP-PBX?
-Why there are two kind of firmware available for download?
-How to upgrade via IP-PBX via RS232 console port?
-How to change my IP address?
-What is the OS and asterisk version used in IP-PBX?
-How to customs my firmware for IP-PBX?

Analog Cards
- Why is my card getting an IRQ miss?
-I am getting error messages about PCI Master Aborts. What is it?
-What are the differences between FXS and FXO interfaces?
-I am hearing an echo. What can I do to fix this?
-Sound Quality Problems with Analog cards?
-How can i check the IRQ of analog cards?
-Can you not hangup calls?
-How do you adjust the volume of voice for analog cards?

What is the user/password of my IP-PBX? Top
A:The default IP and user/password of the IP PBX is:

Default IP
192.168.1.100
Web login
admin/admin
SSH/RS232 login
root/12xerXes06

Q: Why there are two kind of firmware available for download? Top
A:There are two kinds of firmware:
Ext2 file: the file is requested when upgrade from BAPS base firmware to Astfin2 base firmware. If your IPxx use the BAPS base firmware (old release model) and want to upgrade the Astfin2 base firmware, you use the ext2 file and upgrade via the RS232 port.
md5 file: if you already use the Astfin2 firmware, you can upgrade the firmware via the GUI. More info about how to upgrade please refer the user manual.
How to check if the device is BAPS base or ASTFIN2 base?
the BAPS base firmware support ipkg command in the OS and Astfin2 firmware doesn’t support. You can use SSH to access to the firmware and run “ipkg update” to check if the ipkg is supported.
The default firmware shipped by chinaroby is Astfin2 structure firmware.

Q: How to upgrade via IP-PBX via RS232 console port? Top
A:For this procedure you'll need the following:
modem cable (direct RS232)
serial port on your PC
serial console client (eg. PuTTY for Windows or minicom for Linux)
TFTP server (eg. Tftpd32 for Windows)
Internet access for the IP0x
basic understanding of hexadecimals
static free working environment or at least make sure you discharge all static electricity from your body often during this process, before touching any components

1、Download the firmware and place it in your TFTP server's repository
2、Remove the top cover from the IP pbx and install the small RS232 daughter board that was included in the package on J8 as shown below (if there's a jumper here remove it temporarily, and be sure to place it back once done or the unit might not boot).
3、Configure your client application to use 115,200 baud, 8 data bits and no parity. Also make sure Hardware Flow Control is turned off, and that you're using the correct port (minicom might be set to use /dev/tty0 by default instead of /dev/ttyS0)
4、Connect the cable between the RS232 daughter board and your PC
5、Power on the IP0x
6、Press Enter when you get the prompt 'Hit any key to stop autoboot'
7、Enter the following commands ("ip04>" and "root:~>" signify the prompt and are not part of the command itself, and you may replace the IP addresses with ones suitable for your network. Do not copy/paste the commands.):

ip04>setenv autostart
ip04>setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.100
ip04>setenv netmask 255.255.255.0
ip04>setenv gatewayip 192.168.1.1
ip04>setenv serverip 192.168.1.200

(Notes: "serverip" refers to your TFTP server. The addresses that you specify here are only used during the flashing process - when booting the new firmware it will attempt to use the IP address 192.168.1.100 and if that fails it will attempt DHCP instead. You may review your settings using the 'print' command.)

ip04>save
ip04>tftp 0x1000000 uImage.ext2
ip04>nand erase clean
ip04>nand erase

(Notes: During TFTP transfer, successful transferring will show alot of #'s, while timed out requests will display T's instead. Don't worry if it finds some bad blocks during the erasing.)

8、ip04>nand write 0x1000000 0x0 0x700000

ip04>setenv bootargs ethaddr=$(ethaddr) console=ttyBF0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock0 rw
ip04>setenv autostart yes
ip04>setenv nandboot 'nboot 0x2000000 0x0'
ip04>setenv bootcmd run nandboot
ip04>save
ip04>reset

9、The unit will now reboot using the newly flashed firmware, and should start downloading necessary files and completing the installation. Once it has completed and you're presented with a penguin and the "root:~>" prompt, enter the following command for a final reboot:

root:~> reboot

10、When done booting and back to the "root:~>" prompt, you may enter the following command to check the unit's current IP address:

root:~> ifconfig

11、Use that IP address to configure the unit through your web browser. Alternatively you may change the IP address temporarily (this change is lost when you power the unit off or reboot it, so set it permanently in the web GUI):
root:~> ifconfig eth0 <ip address>
(Replace <ip address> with the ip address of your choice.)

Q: How to change my IP address? Top
A:Go to Options--> Advance Options-->Show Advance Options. Then you can find the network settings in the main menu.

There are three types for network settings:
DHCP: Yes IP04 will optain the dynamic IP from your router.
DHCP: auto IP04 will use the static IP specified below and pin the default gateway, when there is no reponse from the default gateway. the IP04 will switch to dynamic optain the IP from your router.
DHCP: No IP04 will use the static IP specified below.
The ip setting will affect only after reboot.

Q:What is the OS and asterisk version used in IP-PBX? Top
A:The IP-PBX is built base on uClinux. The pre-load asterisk version is 1.4.21. you can also build your own firmware with your own asterisk version or add new software.

Q:How to customs my firmware for IP-PBX? Top
A:Please consult http://www.openippbx.org/index.php?title=Main_Page for how to get source and make your own firmware for your IP-PBX.

Q:Why is my card getting an IRQ miss?Top
A:Each hardware takes 1,000 interrupts per second.
When the cards get less than this for some reason, an IRQ will be missed

You can check whether the card lost interrupts by using 'zttool.'

IRQ misses can cause different problems with Asterisk.
Symptoms of IRQ misses are bad audio quality or perhaps PRI errors,
although IRQ misseswill not cause alarms.
Also DTMF detection not working is somethingthat can be caused by IRQ misses as well.

Several common things that contribute to IRQ misses are:
-Running the X window system
-Shared IRQs
-No hard drive DMA
-Hard drive DMA too high (shoot for udma3)
-Running serial terminals or frame buffers

To check for shared IRQs you can run:

# cat /proc/interrupts

CPU0
0 10756672 XT-PIC timer
2 0 XT-PIC cascade
5 10812879 XT-PIC uhci_hcd, uhci_hcd, wctdm
10 226219 XT-PIC t1xxp, CS46XX
11 1550046 XT-PIC eth0, nvidia
12 387234 XT-PIC i8042
14 32641 XT-PIC ide0
15 18
XT-PIC ide1
NMI 0
LOC 10757616
ERR 40481
MIS 0

Notice the T100P card sharing with the sound card, and the TDM400P card is sharing with the USB controller.
This may cause problems. If you are not using any USB devices that would probably beok,
but it would be best to disable USB or get the card on it's own IRQ.

There are several ways to move cards to their own IRQ.
-Turn on APIC
-Tweak BIOS settings
-Try a different PCI slot
-Use setpci
refer this link from digium:
http://kb.digium.com/entry/63/

Q:I am getting error messages about PCI Master Aborts. What is it ? Top
A:This is a very rare case. When your computer's PCI subsystemexperiences
serious problems with cards upon initializationof the card, Linux will
print out scrolling "PCI Master Abort"messages. What you should do is
go into your system's BIOS, and turnoff your motherboard's PNP (plug and play) feature.

Q:What are the differences between FXS and FXO interfaces?Top
A:FXS (Foreign eXchange Station) is an interface which drives atelephone.
FXS interfaces get phones plugged into them, deliverybattery, and provide
ringing. FXS interfaces are signalled with FXO signalling.

FXO (Foreign eXchange Office) is an interface that connect to a phoneline.
They supply your PBX with access to the public telephone network.
FXO interfaces use FXS signalling. FXS interfaces are what allow
you tohook telephones to your PBX, and FXO interfaces allow you
to connectyour PBX to real analog phone lines.

Q:I am hearing an echo. What can I do to fix this? Top
A:http://kb.digium.com/entry/1/
http://www.voip-info.org/wiki/view/Asterisk+echo+cancellation

Q:Sound Quality Problems with Analog cards?Top
A:please refer this link:
http://www.asteriskguru.com/tutorials/pci_irq_apic_tdm_ticks_te410p_te405p_noise.html

Q:How can i check the IRQ of analog cards?Top
A:please run the command:
cat /proc/interrupts
you should see the IRQs, Make sure the card has OWN IRQ, Do NOT share with other devices.<br/>
more details, please check from here
http://www.voip-info.org/wiki/view/Asterisk+PCI+bus+Troubleshooting

Q:Can you not hangup calls?Top
A:To resolve the problem, please check
Edit the chan_dahdi.conf
1) open busydetect=yes and busycount=4
2)hanguponpolarityswitch =yes
http://www.asteriskguru.com/tutorials/resolving_hangup_detection_problems_fxo_tdm_voicemail.html

Q:How do you adjust the volume of voice for analog cards?Top
A:You can edit the zapata.conf and change rxgain=5 and txgain=6 or other values.
you can use ztmonitor to test that.check from here
http://linux.die.net/man/8/ztmonitor